{"id":924,"date":"2023-04-23T09:58:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-23T09:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/clt.nliu.ac.in\/?p=924"},"modified":"2023-09-23T10:05:46","modified_gmt":"2023-09-23T10:05:46","slug":"critical-analysis-of-new-space-policy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/clt.nliu.ac.in\/?p=924","title":{"rendered":"Critical Analysis of New Space Policy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Harshit Gupta is a student at Government Law College, Mumbai<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

I.<\/strong>  INTRODUCTION:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this vast universe, India has constantly left its imprint by probing into the final frontier through its space exploration mission. India’s space policy of 2023 demonstrates the country’s unwavering commitment to maximizing space’s potential for the benefit of its citizens and scientific research. Over the years, the country’s space program has advanced, transforming from modest beginnings into a formidable player in the global space community. Established in a blend of visionary aspirations and pragmatic goals, India’s space policy 2023 mirrors its assurance to investigate celestial domains as well as to use space innovation for addressing to territorial difficulties. This policy emphasizes international collaboration, commercial engagement, and the utilization of space assets to promote socioeconomic growth in addition to encapsulating a strategic roadmap for scientific research and technological innovation. As we dive into India’s space policy 2023, the panorama of ambitious missions, cutting-edge advancements, and a drive for inclusive progress emerges, demonstrating the country’s profound commitment to carving its trajectory among the stars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The new space policy provides new opportunities for engagement and exploration to Non-Governmental Entities, IN-SPACe- Indian National Space Promotion & Authorisation Centre, Indian Space Research Organization, New Space India Limited, and the Department of Space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The space sector in India has been generally dominated by the government as it requires significant capital and political support to work. However, with the rapid advancement of technology, development in India, and increasing demand for telecommunication services, satellite data, and space capabilities, the introduction of for-profit private players has become the need of the hour. The government believes that considering private support, India can catch 9% of the worldwide space economy by 2030. Achieving this feet will be a huge increment from the current portion of around 2%. By 2050, the space economy is expected to be worth about $3 trillion, up from $469 billion in 2022. Thus, with so many positive aspirations and ambitions the government brings the New Space Policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.  CONTEXT AND EVOLUTION:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1958, India joined the UN General Assembly\u2019s ad hoc committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) which formulates international Space Law. The Outer Space Treaty, which India signed in 1967 and ratified in full in 1982, was negotiated by this committee. In 1979, India consented to the Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts and recognised the Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects. Likewise, in 1982 India also consented to the Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies and acceded to the Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space. The Draft Space Activity Bill, 2017 was the Indian government’s first attempt to regulate space activities and allow private participation in the space sector. Nevertheless, the bill was removed following criticism from private players. The Satellite Communication Policy of 2000 and the Remote Sensing Data Policy of 2011 regulate private sector participation in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On June 26, 2020, the Indian Government proclaimed a significant change in the Indian space area by the introduction of policy reforms and changes. The focal of these changes was to increase the contribution of private players in the Indian space program and empower them to assume a critical role in developing India’s piece of the pie in the worldwide space economy (market).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In order to encourage private sector participation in the Indian space industry, the government established two organizations. New Space India Limited (NSIL) (as a commercial arm of ISRO), was established in 2019 to capitalize on R&D for a demand-driven space model. It develops launch-vehicles, offers launch services. IN-SPACe was set up in 2020 as a controller and facilitator for the private space industry. It evaluates private sector demands by taking them hand-in-hand with ISRO and works as a facilitator and controller under Article VI of the Outer Space treaty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the new Policy, the Government\u2019s vision is to expand space capacities, empower a prospering business presence in space, use space as a driver of tech-innovation and get gains, pursue global relations, and establish an ecosystem for successful execution of space applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III.  CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF POLICY:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.<\/u><\/strong>  Stakeholders’ roles:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

a. Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Space operations like scheduled re-entry of space objects, rocket launches, launchpad construction, and the establishment and\/or operation of space objects will be permitted by IN-SPACe to both government and non-governmental organizations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It would work to position India as a preferred service provider for foreign product and service requirements, collaborate with academia to permit connections between industry and academia, and so on on the promotion front.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, it will establish frameworks for developing space sector standards based on global standards. In conjunction with the relevant departments, IN-SPACe will authorize the use of space objects for broadcast and communication services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b. New Space India Limited (NSIL):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The commercialization of space technology and platforms is a responsibility of NSIL. It can manufacture, lease, or acquire space components, technology, platform and different resources for commercialization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ISRO which is the National Space Organization Agency, primarily focuses on research, innovation, advancements of technology, and applications for the space sector. It includes – allowing access to archived satellite data, and working for long-term projects\/missions to ensure Human presence in outer space. In addition, it will also aim to encourage partnerships and collaboration in order to pursue R&D at national and international levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d. Department of Space (DoS):  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is part of the Prime Minister’s Office. It will be the primary government agency responsible for putting the 2023 space policy into action. Any requests for space policy clarifications will be handled by DoS. It will be the body that will guarantee the interoperability of the Indian satellite route framework with other route frameworks, and will lay out a system for the protected and feasible tasks in space. However, IN-SPACEe will be tasked with developing what the policy refers to as “a stable and predictable regulatory framework to provide Non-Government Entities in the Space Sector with a level playing field.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.<\/u><\/strong>   Where it lacks direction? :<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

While we do know that India\u2019s space goals are focused on national development, commercialization, protection of the environment, and peaceful development of space, we do not know which specific space missions in particular India will ask private entities to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The space policy of USA encourages the hand-in-hand participation of public and private entities for the research and development, the same approach, mutatis mutandis, should effectuate in India with the participation from Ratna companies which may lead to indigenous tech enhancement and other cost effective solutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the era of advanced warfare, the protection of outer space and satellites is the need of hour, for this endeavour the space policy should have the provision of Space force, as can be evident from the Space Policy of USA. The DSA should work with the training commands and perspective planning cells of the three-Armed Services to work out a new Military-Space Doctrine for India. For this endeavour, the private sector enterprises and assets must become an essential part of DSA. They should be functionally integrated for long-term futuristic research and development. Warfare is indeed transforming and so should the structures and organisations to conduct such type of combat. Thus, the Policy should also have the provisions for the Space force.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the holistic development the space policy should emphasize on the PUBLIC-private- partnership model to encourage budding private player in the space exploration. For the regulation and settlements dispute arising of such PPP the tribunals and commissions should be formed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Policy lacks clarity on the permissible foreign direct investment (FDI) for the various nature of space activities as may be conducted by the NGEs. Currently, 100% FDI through Government route is allowed only for establishing and operating satellites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the potential is limitless, space entrepreneurs and industry analysts feel that the returns from this push for private participation will depend critically on the emerging funding and support ecosystem, creation of viable business models and the efficiency of policy framework and regulatory check, but this policy is not much clear about the funding and other finance related aspects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV.  CONCLUSION :<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Indian Space Policy serves as one of the many endeavours undertaken by the Indian Government towards bolstering the Indian space sector and ushering in more participation from private players. In her book \u201cMission Economy\u201d, the economist Mariana Mazzucatto studies the role of the Government and Space Agency in coordinating the activities of different actors and organizations, private and public, to achieve successful space missions such as Apollo moon landings and many more. Much of her work examines how the state can foster innovation and success in modern-day economies by encouraging the Private players\u2019 participation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The New Space Policy 2023, lays down a dynamic framework that aims towards meeting the different requirements of private entities and synchronising the efforts of different bodies such as the In-SPACe, ISRO, and NSIL. This synchronisation of efforts will reap the benefits by these ways:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Firstly, Reports suggest that the country\u2019s space economy is poised for major growth in the next five years. The current estimate for the Indian space economy is slightly above $ 8 billion, and the country aims to achieve double-digit growth in the next five years. With the 2023 Indian Space Policy, the growth of the space sector in India appears promising.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Secondly, The Policy will play a critical role in propelling India\u2019s participation in the global space economy by inviting more innovation and participation from startups and other private entities in the country\u2019s space sector (which holds mammoth unexplored potential).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lastly, success in Space shows us the road map for navigating concerns on Earth.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Harshit Gupta is a student at Government Law College, Mumbai I.  INTRODUCTION: In this vast universe, India has constantly left its imprint […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":925,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-924","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-series","col-md-6 col-sm-6"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/clt.nliu.ac.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/924","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/clt.nliu.ac.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/clt.nliu.ac.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clt.nliu.ac.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clt.nliu.ac.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=924"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/clt.nliu.ac.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/924\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":926,"href":"https:\/\/clt.nliu.ac.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/924\/revisions\/926"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clt.nliu.ac.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/925"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/clt.nliu.ac.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=924"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clt.nliu.ac.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=924"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clt.nliu.ac.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=924"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}